THE MAN WHO LIVES FOR HIMSELF IS A FAILURE

The man who lives for himself is a failure
THE MAN WHO BELIEVES IN NOTHING BUT HIMSELF LIVES IN A VERY SMALL WORLD.
If we really stop to think about it, the cause of most of our problems is "I" " Want this ...I thought that ...
I  feel ...I...I...I " If you are only looking out for yourself , look out!
Wesley Huber said "There is nothing to quite so dead as a self-centred man who holds himself up as a self-made success man -a man who holds himself and measures  himself by himself and is pleased with the result "Don't become a legend in your own mind.
The man who lives for himself is a failure .Even if he gains much  wealth , power or position he is still a failure ."Conceit makes us fools .The book of proverbs reminds us."Do you see a man that is wise in his own eyes? There is more hope for a fool than for him".
The man who believes in nothing but himself lives in a very small world .The best way to be happy is to forget yourself and focus on other people . The higher you go in life the more dependent you become on other people .Work together with others .Remember the banana: every time it leaves the bunch it gets peeled and eaten.aderemiakinbo.blogspot
com.

FEAR CAN KEEP YOU FROM GOING WHERE YOU COULD HAVE WON.

FEAR CAN KEEP YOU FROM GOING WHERE YOU COULD HAVE WON.
Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. Arthur Roche said, "Worry is a thin stream of fear tricking through the mind .If encouraged, it cuts a channel into which all other thoughts drained.
Fear is faith that it won't work out ,Instead, do what the book of first peter says."Let Him (God) have all worries and cares ,for He is always thinking about you and watching everything that concerns you " Dr Rob Gilbert advised "It's all right to have butterflies in your stomach. Just get them to fly in formation .The great evangelist Billy Sunday once said,"Fear knocked at my door .Faith answered and there was no one there."Now that's the proper response to fear.
Fear can keep you going where you could have won .Don't let your fear steal from you and prevent you from pursuing your dream. Must people believe their doubts and "feed your faith and watch your doubts starve to death."Worry is a route that leads from somewhere to nowhere;never let it direct your life .Approach that challenge you will succeed .aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com.

THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL RELATIONSHIP

Be Kind To One Another.
Unbelievably, kindness is often over simplified. Even good relationships can lack acts of kindness. This refers to Do unto others… Simple acts of kindness can have huge impacts on a aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com  relationship. If your husband or boyfriend is out working on the car on a hot summer day, make a thermos of ice-cold tea and take it to him, giving him a gentle kiss. If your wife or girlfriend has been working at the computer all day, walk up behind her and massage her shoulders and neck. You get the idea. Kindness means looking at the other person's situation and seeing what you can do or add to that situation to make it better or easier. This is a way to validate your respect for each other. Kindness will go a long way in a relationship.

Wait and read this letter before you make that decision quitting at this moment

COURAGE TO LIVE.
The world will always give you the opportunity to quit , but only the world would call quitting an opportunity . One of the most powerful success principles ever preached is NEVER, NEVER ,NEVER GIVE UP (Winston Churchill).
A lazy man is always judged by what he doesn't do .The choice of giving up or going on is a defining moment in your life. Nobody and nothing can keep you down unless you decide not to rise again . The man who wins may have been counted out several times (H.E Jansen). but he didn't hear the referee. So find a way to , not a way not to.
Too many people stop faster than they start. Instead of stopping, follow this English proverb."Don't fall before you are pushed ". Margaret Thatcher understood the principle of not quitting. When she advised "You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it."David Zucker added," Quit now ,you will never make it". The choice is simple .If you disregard this advice you will be halfway there. You can either stand up and be counted ,Or lie down and be counted out .Your success will be measured by your willingness to keep on trying .Have the courage to leave. Anyone can quit. read more articles from aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com.

WHAT YOU THINK IS BEAUTY IS NOT..

Beauty is not how you look, it is not how handsome you are, it is not your figure too, beauty is the inner self, so change your underwear daily . Are you surprise that? You underwear here is what you pretend to be and of which you are not.

PROF WOLE SOYINKA AND 2015 ELECTION

Identity Thieves And The 2015 Election Peace  click aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com

Accord - Wole Soyinka.
It was with high expectations that I have gone
through the details of the Abuja peace accord
recently agreed by the political party leaders,
mandating decent and civilized campaign conduct
among the contestants, their agents and supporters.
I was not disappointed. It is a positive step in the
direction of democracy, for which I must commend
the efforts of those seasoned interventionists, Emeka
Anyaoku and Kofi Annan. Adhered to with good will
and sincerity, it should ensure a wholesome space
for future elections, and pre-empt further violence. It
might even come close to what the democratic ideal
should be, as canvassed by others, including
Governor Fashola a few years ago – a people’s
fiests!
From personal interest however, I was disappointed
that the communiqué makes no reference to the
violence done to members of the electorate whose
identities are stolen, abused and debased during
this exercise. It is rapidly becoming commonplace
to encounter totally fictitious statements, even entire
interviews published and attributed to unsuspecting
authorship. This criminal proceeding has even
involved the cloning of media mastheads to which
non-existent interviews are then attached. To render
it in local parlance, this is political 419, and of the
most despicable brand.
While it would be unjust to place direct
responsibility on the contestants, one must stress
that they also have a moral responsibility to
denounce these dirty tricksters in the strongest
terms, even in their own interest. The resentment
inspired in victims of such cowardly conduct cannot
but impact on their own political image. The media
must also protect itself by taking necessary
measures against such unprincipled confusionists.
It is the democratic right of every citizen to know
exactly who is saying what on issues that affect
their political choices.
Let me thus seize the occasion of the Abuja accord
to state categorically that I have never made a
statement endorsing any presidential or
governorship contestant. All such attributions are
fabrications by faceless, often self-appointed agents
of deception, and should be publicly pilloried.
Whenever I choose to declare support for a
candidate - as is my electoral right - I shall ensure
that I deploy a medium that places my authorship
beyond dispute. Internet habituees, Social Network
etc are urged to be less gullible, and avoid
becoming cheap conduits for the deception
industry!
I take a less serious – indeed, near carnivalesque -
view of the opportunistic, and sometimes de-
contextualized use of genuine quotes from
statements I have made in the past – that is a
different matter entirely. As a non-pensioned writer
however, and thus dependent on the proceeds of
intellectual property, such users should expect to
hear from my Literary Agents.
I join General Abdulsalami and others in hoping that
2015 prove a live-and-learn election year, not a do-
or-die!
Wole SOYINKA

SHE NEEDS JUST A LITTLE CARE

Make The Women Feel Good.
Just like men, woman love feeling good about themselves. These recommendations might help:
Tell her how beautiful she is.
Compliment her on her many skills (be specific).
Just once, leave the toilet seat down.
Tell her how much she means to you.
Let her know that she is your best friend.
Show affectionate to her in front of family and friends.
Let her know that you find her to be Precious......

ENTREPRENEURSHIP A TO FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Entrepreneurship as a Tool for
Economic Development -
Experiences from Eastern Africa
Kristina Henricson Briggs (Institutionen för
teknikens ekonomi och organisation)
Göteborg : Chalmers University of Technology,
2013. - 35 s.
[Licentiatavhandling]
Entrepreneurship as a tool for economic
development became an item on the
development aid agenda in the years after
World War II. After having fallen out of
fashion, it returned in the 1980s, when the
fallacies of other economic development
interventions had become apparent. The notion
that entrepreneurship is a key for economic
growth is today an important part of national
development strategies in both developed and
developing countries. As a means of
introducing a more organized approach to
entrepreneurship and a model of encouraging
it, business incubator initiatives are established
in developing countries. Such initiatives are
intended to diversify economies, commercialize
technologies and to create jobs and wealth.
This thesis focuses on how entrepreneurs are
supported through business incubators and
discusses some implications of business
incubator initiatives in developing countries.
Research has previously shown that there is
unclarity regarding the effectiveness of certain
interventions, such as business incubators, on
economic development. A deeper understanding
of business incubation initiatives as means for
economic development is therefore motivated.
The research underlying this thesis was
conducted on a single case in a village in
Uganda. Here, students from Sweden aimed to
establish a business incubator, starting in
2007. A study of this social entrepreneurship
project was performed during 2009 and 2010.
Data collection methods have included semi-
structured interviews and participant observation
and have been complemented by a literature
study. The thesis considers issues related to
how entrepreneurship and specifically business
incubation is utilized as a tool for economic
development. It contributes to the literature by
discussing how and under what conditions it
is valuable to translate the concept of
business incubation from the developed to the
developing world. It furthermore suggests that
mobilization of entrepreneurship may be more
fruitful than attempts to create it, and posits
that project initiators need awareness of the
risk of falling into ethnocentric perspectives.
Based on the findings, areas for possible
further research are outlined and discussed.
The text thus points to two other possible
areas for further enquiry: first, alternative
forms of business incubation and alternatives
to business incubation as a tool for economic
development; secondly, the relation between
entrepreneurship initiatives and other activities
supporting economic development. The
research is aimed at contributing to the
knowledge around social entrepreneurship and
entrepreneurship as a tool for economic
development.
Nyckelord: entrepreneurship, economic
development, business incubation, Africa

BECAREFUL WHILE CHARGING YOUR PHONE

OUR PHONES SHOULD BE HANDLED WITH MORE CARE WHILE CHARGING IT

WHEN WE DONT MAKE MISTAKES EXPERIENCE MAY NOT NECESSARILY BE OUR BEST TEACHER SO WHAT THEN IS THE BEST TEACHER read all from aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com

It is said that experience is the best teacher, but to learn consciously through wisdom may even be a better and more convenient way.To learn by experience is to learn from mistake .It means you have burnt your fingers and now 'your eyes are open'. This is a tough, costly and inconvenient way to learn
.Rather than leaving our learning our learning to experience, why do we not learn consciously through wisdom. ? We can learn by consciously going out of our way to acquire knowledge and wisdom rather than leave our learning to chance . Surely , we can learn from mistakes but why wait till when we make  mistakes before we learn? We should give more premium to learning by wisdom than by experience.
This will involve one making up ones mind to be decisive in learning. We must decide to learn consciously and not necessarily from negative experiences. This first step is to realize that life is simply the outcome and outplay of decisions. Our life now is the sum total of decisions and our future will be determined by our decision of today .If we decide to learn today we are not likely to make mistakes and when we do not make mistakes , experience need not be our best teacher.
T o avoid making experience our best teacher will take more than a decision .We must couple our decision with a complete and wholehearted devotion .We must be resolved , resolute and resilient in our  bid to learn by wisdom and not necessarily by experience .This is crucial because situations and circumstances will want us to make detour  and leave our learning and life to chance. We must therefore be disciplined to remain with our resolve to make a clean break with experience as our best teacher .Discipline in this regard means learning something new everyday by wisdom rather than experience .It means consciously getting better by the day in your chosen field. Discipline will demand taking advantage of every learning opportunity that comes our way .It will mean we must pay the price for learning by wisdom -invest in books , magazines, seminars and other means by which we may become wiser .
It is much easier and cheaper to learn consciously by wisdom than to learn by experience .When we learn by experience, the deed is done and we are just picking up the pieces_learning in regret how to avoid such predicament next time .Consider the child who graps a burning coal, he has learnt the hardway through the painful experience ,but his fingers will remain burnt. Thus , the saying ,that experience is the best teacher , may not be justifiable after all.

HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR MARRIAGE AND RELATIONSHIP

Filler Talk.  aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com
If you are married, especially with children, break out of the habit of talking about nothing. Many times, families will be sitting around the dinner table and the conversation consists of, Do you like your carrots?, or I wonder what is on TV tonight? Instead, change your strategy to include real questions, showing real interest. Replace the normal, Did you have a good day at work? with Tell me what you did at work today. Even if you do not understand everything being said, listen with interest. It is not that you are so much interested in the work, but your mate's life

YOUR LOVE LOOKS LIKE ILL BABY

The Power Of Touch ..
When a child is ill, doctors will tell you that it is proven that a simple, loving touch of a parent can quickly pull the child through a crisis. It is the same for relationships. Playing with your mate's hair, rubbing their hand, a soft kiss on the neck, a soft pat on the leg or giving a gentle back rub will make a huge difference in how your mate   aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com responds to you. When was the last time you walked up to your mate for no reason and without saying a word, affectionately placed a kiss on their neck? This is not in a sexual way, but an affectionate way. There is a difference. The next time the two of you are sitting in the car, at the grocery story, or standing in line at the theater, quietly reach over and take their hand. Do not be surprised if you get a strange look of curiosity the first time!

ON RELATIONSHIP

Is this how your relationship looks?
When couples first get together, everything is new
and exciting. They overlook the little annoying
things the other person does. However, after time,
the nagging starts, instead of hearing, You look
beautiful, they might hear Why are you wearing that
shirt? If this sounds like your relationship, first, the
two of you need to sit down and be honest that
things have changed. Identify the things each other
did in the beginning of the relationship that created
the attraction in the first place. Then together, make
a commitment to start over. The truth is, both of
you will have to work on this. It will not
automatically be easy but it is possible. Start by
forgiving each other, forgetting the past, and then
start over with the flirtation. Focus only on the
special things your mate does and relearn to put the
unimportant things aside. It will take some time so
be patient.read more @ aderemiakinbo.b
logspot.com

Buhari'll defeat Jonathan, Amaechi boasts readore @aderemakinbo.blogspot.com

Buhari’ll defeat Jonathan, Amaechi boasts
7 hours ago

AHEAD of the general elections in February, the Rivers State Governor, Mr. Rotimi Amaechi, has expressed the confidence that Maj.-Gen. Muhammadu Buhari (retd.), presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress, will defeat President Goodluck Jonathan.

Amaechi also said that the APC in Rivers State would win in the governorship, state and National Assembly elections.

The governor, who spoke on Wednesday at the APC rally at Abua Central in the Abua/Odual Local Government Area of the state, described Rivers as a satellite Nigeria, adding that the people of the state had always dictated the voting pattern of other Nigerians.

Represented at the event by his deputy, Mr. Tele Ikuru, the governor recalled how Rivers had been following the voting pattern of other parts of the country since 1962 to date, adding that 2015 would not be different.

He said, “Rivers State is a satellite Nigeria. Whatever happens in Rivers State is what will happen in Nigeria. In 1962, Rivers State voted for the NPC (Northern Peoples Congress), and the NPC won in the state and at the national level.

“In the second republic, we voted for the NPN (National Party of Nigeria) and NPN won the election in Rivers State and the national level. In 1999, Rivers State voted for the PDP (Peoples Democratic Party) and PDP won in the state and the national level.

“In 2015, Rivers State will vote for the APC and APC will rule the state and at the national level. Any direction the state votes are the direction Nigeria will vote.”

The APC governorship candidate in Rivers, Dr. Dakuku Peterside, alleged that the PDP was plotting to rig the general elections in the state.

Peterside called on the people of the state not to succumb to overtures and tricks of moneybags from the PDP, who might want to buy their votes.

He pledged to run a transparent government and improve infrastructural development in the Abua/Odual Local Government Area and the state as a whole if he is elected as the governor.

Reacting to the allegation that the state PDP was planning to rig the general elections in Rivers, the State Assistant Publicity Secretary of the PDP, Mr. Samuel Nwanosike, described Peterside’s allegation as false.

“If Dakuku Peterside could make such a false allegation, it is a sign that he has lost the election and it is a welcome development. The truth is that the PDP is not planning to rig any election because we do not need to do that to win the 2015 election,” he said.

US LINKS RISIN B' HARAM...ATTACK

US links rising B’Haram attacks to elections
7 hours ago

The United States government has thrown its weight behind the Federal Government to conduct this year’s general elections despite the fact that the country is facing security challenges.

This view was expressed on Tuesday at the US Department of States’ daily briefing in Washington.

The US government also said that the recent incessant attacks by the Boko Haram insurgents could be as a result of the approaching general elections in Nigeria.

“There has been a sharp escalation in the number of reported casualties. I think the numbers tend to be from about 2009 to 2013 – there were a little over 1,000 casualties. I mean, we’ve obviously all seen the reported numbers just this week – which we can’t confirm exactly, but it clearly shows there’s been a sharp escalation.

“It’s because Boko Haram has tended to, particularly around something like an election, used political issues or sensitivities to try and inflame tensions. We’ve seen that as one of their tactics, and that’s why it’s so important to move forward with the election, because we believe it’s important. Well, I don’t want to prejudge.

“We’ve seen successful elections go forward in places that have pretty significant levels of violence. So, we believe the election should go forward. We know there are security challenges. We do think that the election is probably a factor. As I said, we believe the election should still go forward, even in the face of this pretty horrific violence,” Marie Harf, the US spokeswoman, told journalists.

According to her, the US government will continue to assist President Goodluck Jonathan’s administration in fighting terrorism, despite the fact that a training programme by the US for Nigeria’s military personnel was cancelled by Nigeria late last year.

OVER 4 Trillion at a crucial stage in Nigerian National Assembly.aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com

2015 Budget Passes Second Reading At National Assembly

Nigeria's 2015 budget of 4.3 trillion Naira has passed the crucial second reading in the Senate and the House of Representatives.

At plenary on Wednesday, federal lawmakers in the Senate, however, described the 2015 budget as a deficit budget which was grossly exaggerated.

The lawmakers in the upper chamber also expressed concerns that in the face of the declining oil prices, the country may not be able to finance its capital and recurrent expenditure.

The budget is key in the deliberations of the National Assembly, as they try to ensure that the budget approval was concluded before the general elections that will hold in February.

It is one month to the elections and the federal lawmakers in the Senate and the House of Representatives are in a race to retain their seats.

Although the lawmakers are engaging in electioneering, they are required to perform their constitutional duties one of which is working on the 2015 budget.

The 2015 budget is put at 4.3 trillion Naira with a recurrent expenditure of 2.6 trillion Naira and capital expenditure of 627 billion Naira.

Lawmakers in the Senate were highly critical of the 2015 budget, considering the declining price of oil in the international market, which has gone lower than the revised benchmark price of crude, which was put at 65 dollars per barrel.

The lawmakers are worried that the country may have a deficit budget.

A federal lawmaker, Senator Olubunmi Adetunmbi, expressed concerns that the Senate Committees on Finance and Appropriation would find it difficult to work on the 2015 budget and he gave reasons which also highlighted the current trend in the crude oil market.

Some lawmakers also condemned the withdrawal of funds from the Excess Crude Account without appropriation from the National Assembly and also the refusal of government agencies to remit funds to the Federation Account.

In the House of Representatives, federal lawmakers also expressed reservations about the 2015 budget and the need for diversification of the economy.

After deliberations on the budget, it scaled through the second reading in the Senate and the House of Representatives and was sent to the respective committees for further legislative work

OVER 4 Trillion at a crucial stage in Nigeria National Assembly.aderemiakinbo.blogspot.com

2015 Budget Passes Second Reading At National Assembly

Nigeria's 2015 budget of 4.3 trillion Naira has passed the crucial second reading in the Senate and the House of Representatives.

At plenary on Wednesday, federal lawmakers in the Senate, however, described the 2015 budget as a deficit budget which was grossly exaggerated.

The lawmakers in the upper chamber also expressed concerns that in the face of the declining oil prices, the country may not be able to finance its capital and recurrent expenditure.

The budget is key in the deliberations of the National Assembly, as they try to ensure that the budget approval was concluded before the general elections that will hold in February.

It is one month to the elections and the federal lawmakers in the Senate and the House of Representatives are in a race to retain their seats.

Although the lawmakers are engaging in electioneering, they are required to perform their constitutional duties one of which is working on the 2015 budget.

The 2015 budget is put at 4.3 trillion Naira with a recurrent expenditure of 2.6 trillion Naira and capital expenditure of 627 billion Naira.

Lawmakers in the Senate were highly critical of the 2015 budget, considering the declining price of oil in the international market, which has gone lower than the revised benchmark price of crude, which was put at 65 dollars per barrel.

The lawmakers are worried that the country may have a deficit budget.

A federal lawmaker, Senator Olubunmi Adetunmbi, expressed concerns that the Senate Committees on Finance and Appropriation would find it difficult to work on the 2015 budget and he gave reasons which also highlighted the current trend in the crude oil market.

Some lawmakers also condemned the withdrawal of funds from the Excess Crude Account without appropriation from the National Assembly and also the refusal of government agencies to remit funds to the Federation Account.

In the House of Representatives, federal lawmakers also expressed reservations about the 2015 budget and the need for diversification of the economy.

After deliberations on the budget, it scaled through the second reading in the Senate and the House of Representatives and was sent to the respective committees for further legislative work

RELEVANCE OF SECRETARIAL PROFESSION IN MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL AGE

INTRODUCT
The Secretarial Profession is one of the oldest in Nigeria. The contribution of secretaries to the development of an establishment and the nation in general cannot be overstressed as there is no organization where the service of a secretarial staff is not needed. The secretary has a very important role to play in an organization as he/she uses intellectual to enhance the growth of the overall efficiency of the organization, since a secretary is a morale builder, a public relation officer being constantly in touch with the customers through correspondence, telephones and physical contact. The Secretarial Profession is facing extinction due to the modern technologies advancement in the world today. The rate at which these advancements are growing daily is really threatening the survival of secretaries. As a result, the training of secretaries has to be upgraded to reflect the modern trend. Science and Technology have had a profound effect on office procedures. One of the most important functions of an office or organization is the most important functions of an office or organization is the effective receipt and dissemination of information with proper management. Business information is a catalyst of management and the ingredient, which enhance managerial activities in a business setting. These includes planning, operation, controlling and forecasting, secretaries are therefore relied upon to play crucial roles in realizing the organizational objectives. The sophiscation of modern offices has given room for multi programming and high efficiency through the use of these advanced technology. A significant development in this direction has introduced a new concept into the secretarial profession. The office of yester-years in quite different from the office of today in terms of the modern office equipment now in use. Today many companies are employing computers to streamline office operations, perform word processing and electrically handle mail and messages. Electronic mail (E-mail) is another innovation in office automation. The business organization is held together by the profession, acquisition, retention and transmission of information, interestingly, one of the tools for achieving these is through office automation devices. In fact, the rapid acceleration in the rate of technological and scientist progress of modern age as well as the increased cost of services and material has resulted in the improvement in productivity with re-examination of the impact of automation. Therefore, the manipulation of manual machines to aid secretarial duties has become a mandate activity as every secretarial practitioner has now converted to the use of electronic devices especially computer. Also, some of the people that operate these devices are not being treated with respect, most times people take the secretariat duties as those meant for drop-out with little or no skill and intelligence. It is necessary to say that secretary is more or less the life-wire of an organization. He / She comes to the office early enough to synchronise things before the arrival of the boss and other officials. The secretary is the unseen hand behind the progress and development of an organization, the secretary must be well respected as the secret keeper. It is on this basis that the study looks at the relevance of secretarial profession in modern technological age.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In recent times, it has been noticed that almost all organization in the world have been computerized.
As a result of the increasing complex nature of modern organizations and the way businesses are being conducted, human beings have become grossly inadequate to meet the information requirement in terms of accuracy, responsiveness and reliability in getting information out of the available raw data. The study tends to take a look at whether or not the secretary is still relevant in today’s office inspite of the invention of modern of office equipment and whether or not the secretary is more satisfied with this development.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study is aimed out in order to determine the following:
To known if the secretarial profession is rendered irrelevant by the advanced technological known-how in the world
To investigate whether the secretarial profession is helped by the modern technological advancement
To examine if the automated machines can work by themselves without any human interference (i.e the secretary)
To discover whether there can be harmony between the  secretarial profession and the modern technological advancement and
To make recommendations on how the two should be made to work hand in hand rather than in opposition to one another.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Is a secretary relevant in the achievement of the set organizational goals and objectives
Can an organization function without the services of a secretary?
Is it necessary for a would-be secretary to go to a higher institution to get training for the job?
Does a secretary need to update her knowledge of the use of the modern equipment in the office by always attending course relevant to her job in order to continue to be relevant in the attainment of the sets goals of an organization?
Is the secretarial job more than typing of correspondence in today’s sophisticated technological age?
Is the secretary the mirror through which outsiders view the organization?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
H01 The invention of modern technology in the offices does not help but rather poses a problem to the secretary
H02 The secretaries’ work is completely not relevant with the advancement of technology
H03 The secretary is not most efficient when these modern automated machines are used in carrying out her duties
H04 Organization cannot survive without the services rendered by the secretary
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
As earlier mentioned, most organizations have a machines and facilities e.t.c computer, fax machines, e-mail facilities etc. which are faster and more accurate than human beings.
However, they need competent hands to operate these machines, therefore, the relevance of this study cannot be over emphasized because of the following reasons:
It highlights the importance of secretarial profession in any organization
It brings to light the fact that automated machines and equipment used in modern day offices cannot operate themselves but with the help of human beings (i.e the secretaries).
It also emphasizes the fact that secretaries must get themselves trained and acquainted with these machines to a certain level as to be able to handle them in order to ascertain their relevance in today’s business world.
It is also relevant to the employers who will be made to understand that secretaries’ role’s in the achievement of the goals and objectives of their organization
In fact, the researcher hopes to eliminate completely, the impression that secretaries are LIABILITY to organization, thereby asserting strongly that they are ASSESTS to any organization.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will be carried out in Intercontinental Bank Plc, Ibadan and it is to be administered to only secretaries, and some  administrative staff of the bank
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The findings of the study could be applied by extra-polation to other organizations that make use of the services of a secretary in their day-today running of the organization most especially because of time constraints.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Secretary: A secretary is the one who has acquired the basic secretarial skills of shorthand and typewriting and enough knowledge of practical experience in office work to be able to cope with filing, handling office machine and receptionist duties. She is also a confidant in whom secrets and confidential matters are entrusted within the office. In other words, a secretary is directly the assistant to an executive possessing the mastery of office skill aids, ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision which display initiatives, exercise judgment and makes decision within the scope of her authority.
Automation: This is the act or practice of using machines that needs little or no human control, especially in place of workers.
Advancement: This is a collection of the individual, whether of people or thing, which are to be observed in a given problem or situation. A population can be finite or infinite. Closely related to population is a sample.
Sample: It is usually impossible to measure all the values of any variable. Hence the samples are data drawn from the total population of  possible observation from a single experiment.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter aims at reviewing what other eminent authors have published and other materials that are found useful to the study.
The review will therefore, cover the following areas
The historical of secretary
The historical background of the secretarial profession
Attributes of a secretary (Business/personal)
Duties/functions of a secretary
The many types of secretaries
Types of modern office equipment and their uses
The effects of modern technological advancement on the secretarial profession
Contemporary employment of the secretarial profession
2.1 CONCEPT OF SECRETARYSHIP
A number of definition have been given by various scholars, authors and from practical experience. The word “secretary” is derived from the Latin word “secretaries” which means a notary or a scribe. In the Bible we have those that are referred to as the scribes which were writers of the laws and scriptures.
A secretary is one who keeps, or is instructed with secrets; a person employed to write orders, letter, dispatches, public or private papers, records and the like and official scribe, amanuensis, or writer one who attends to correspondence, and transacts other businesses for an association, a public body, or an individual.
An officer of state whose business is to superintend and manage the affairs of a particular department of government, and who is usually a member of the cabinet or advising council of the chief, a member of the cabinet or advising council of the chief execute of the secretary of state, who conducts the correspondence and attends to the relations of a government with foreign courts, the secretary of the treasury finance who managers the department of finance, the secretary of war. A secretary or administrative assistant is a person who works consists of supporting management, including executives using a variety of project management, communication and organization skills. These functions may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit of more than one. In other situations a secretary is an officer of a society or organization who deals with correspondence, admits new members and organizes official meeting and events. A secretary has many administrative duties. Traditionalist, these duties were mostly related to correspondence, such as the typing out of letters. Maintaining files of paper documents etc. The advent of word processing the significantly reduced the time that such duties require, with the result that many new tasks have come under the purview of the secretary. This might include managing budgets and doing bookkeeping maintaining website, and making travel arrangements.
Below are some of several author’s definitions of the secretary
Hick et al (2006) defines a secretary as a “confident” who has been enlisted with secrets of the boss and the organization. The word secretary is defined as the Latin word “sectum”, which means secret (Longman Dictionary of contemporary English, 2005).
According to Austin (2008), a secretary is a person who has acquired the basic secretarial skills of shorthand and typewriting and enough knowledge of practical experienced in office work to be able to cope with sailing, handling office machines and reception duties. The secretary is therefore, a vital link between the making and implementation of business plans.
Kabot (2007) in his book titled: Human Relations: says that a positive human relations secretary must not being in sentiment into his/her job. He could be a fanatic but he will not let it affect or reflect in the cause of discharging his duties.
Onasanya (2004) defines a secretary as a good person that should be able to arrange meetings, compile minutes and report exercise control over subordinate. She should be able to keep simple and correct records of accurate and of stocks. He further observes a secretary has with the outside world which may be through the telephones, e-mails services, letter or mainly done by her.
2.2 HISTROICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SECRETARIAL PROFESSION
Angeross (1988) said that no one known’s the exact time that secretaries originated. The role arose out natural need for a prominent person to whom confidential matadors could be trusted and who could act as an assistant to a principal. It is known that secretaries existed in Rome prior to the establishment of the empire. They were usually educating men who took decisions on “scenes” and often acted as a trusted adviser.
Before the invention of parchment and red pens, tools of the trade for scribes ranged from chisels used upon stone to styluses used on clay, wood or wax tablets. Shorthand became part of the preparation and training of secretaries and emperors as well, including Julius Caesar and Augustus.
In early modern members of the nobility had secretaries, who functioned quite similarly to those of the present day. They were men, most of them had command of several languages, including Latin and were required to have what we would consider today as a broad generalized education.
As commerce and trade expanded, people of wealth and power and secretaries (confidants and trusted agents) were employed to handle correspondence on private or confidential matters, particularly matters of the state. Following the renaissance, men continued to dominate clerical and secretarial roles. They maintained account books, in addition to performing stenographic duties, and were known for the exemplary penmanship skills. Many labored long hours, with their “secretary” desks serving as their files and workstations.
As world trade explained in the 15th and 16th centuries, secretaries often attained elevated status and held prominent positions. Secretarial and titles frequently used then included “Personal” ot “Private”. Men continued to dominate the secretarial field unit the late 1880s. During the industrial expansion at the turn of the century, business offices faced a paperwork crisis, more and more women entered the office workforce in various clerical roles and they adapted well to new technologies such as the adding machine, telephone and typewriter. Many women held, or aspired to hold position as secretaries schools and worked to attain supplier skills. In the 1930s, the number of men with the titled secretary dwindled, women dominated the official workforce. Some were prompted from steno pools, some were graduates of business colleges or secretarial schools. But all were seeking the professional status and pay previously enjoyed by their male counterparts. Recognizing that continuing education was imperative to the career success. A group of secretaries in America’s heartland became the nucleus of an organization that would help to professionalize the occupation. In 1942, the National Secretaries Association (NSA) was formed, and which today is known as (IAAP). IAAP first administered the certified Professional Secretaries Examination, a standard of excellence for the profession, 1951.
Today, secretaries (also known as administrative assistants, office coordinators, executive assistants, office managers and various other titles) are using computers, the interest and other advanced office technologies to perform vital “Information management” functions in the modern office. Elendu (1990:66).
Secretaries have taken in roles and responsibilities well beyond being just “typist” for the “the boss”. Now, they write correspondence as well as plan meetings, organize data using spreadsheet and database management software, interact with clients vendors and the general public, supervise the office an other staff, handle purchasing and even train other works.
In addition, many companies are providing performance based bonuses in outstanding administrative support professionals to help acknowledge their contributions. The future is brighter for computer-literate, well-educated, customer-service-savvy office professionals, Odiagbe (2010).

RELEVANCE OF SECRETARIAL PROFESSION IN MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL AGE

INTRODUCT
The Secretarial Profession is one of the oldest in Nigeria. The contribution of secretaries to the development of an establishment and the nation in general cannot be overstressed as there is no organization where the service of a secretarial staff is not needed. The secretary has a very important role to play in an organization as he/she uses intellectual to enhance the growth of the overall efficiency of the organization, since a secretary is a morale builder, a public relation officer being constantly in touch with the customers through correspondence, telephones and physical contact. The Secretarial Profession is facing extinction due to the modern technologies advancement in the world today. The rate at which these advancements are growing daily is really threatening the survival of secretaries. As a result, the training of secretaries has to be upgraded to reflect the modern trend. Science and Technology have had a profound effect on office procedures. One of the most important functions of an office or organization is the most important functions of an office or organization is the effective receipt and dissemination of information with proper management. Business information is a catalyst of management and the ingredient, which enhance managerial activities in a business setting. These includes planning, operation, controlling and forecasting, secretaries are therefore relied upon to play crucial roles in realizing the organizational objectives. The sophiscation of modern offices has given room for multi programming and high efficiency through the use of these advanced technology. A significant development in this direction has introduced a new concept into the secretarial profession. The office of yester-years in quite different from the office of today in terms of the modern office equipment now in use. Today many companies are employing computers to streamline office operations, perform word processing and electrically handle mail and messages. Electronic mail (E-mail) is another innovation in office automation. The business organization is held together by the profession, acquisition, retention and transmission of information, interestingly, one of the tools for achieving these is through office automation devices. In fact, the rapid acceleration in the rate of technological and scientist progress of modern age as well as the increased cost of services and material has resulted in the improvement in productivity with re-examination of the impact of automation. Therefore, the manipulation of manual machines to aid secretarial duties has become a mandate activity as every secretarial practitioner has now converted to the use of electronic devices especially computer. Also, some of the people that operate these devices are not being treated with respect, most times people take the secretariat duties as those meant for drop-out with little or no skill and intelligence. It is necessary to say that secretary is more or less the life-wire of an organization. He / She comes to the office early enough to synchronise things before the arrival of the boss and other officials. The secretary is the unseen hand behind the progress and development of an organization, the secretary must be well respected as the secret keeper. It is on this basis that the study looks at the relevance of secretarial profession in modern technological age.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In recent times, it has been noticed that almost all organization in the world have been computerized.
As a result of the increasing complex nature of modern organizations and the way businesses are being conducted, human beings have become grossly inadequate to meet the information requirement in terms of accuracy, responsiveness and reliability in getting information out of the available raw data. The study tends to take a look at whether or not the secretary is still relevant in today’s office inspite of the invention of modern of office equipment and whether or not the secretary is more satisfied with this development.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study is aimed out in order to determine the following:
To known if the secretarial profession is rendered irrelevant by the advanced technological known-how in the world
To investigate whether the secretarial profession is helped by the modern technological advancement
To examine if the automated machines can work by themselves without any human interference (i.e the secretary)
To discover whether there can be harmony between the  secretarial profession and the modern technological advancement and
To make recommendations on how the two should be made to work hand in hand rather than in opposition to one another.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Is a secretary relevant in the achievement of the set organizational goals and objectives
Can an organization function without the services of a secretary?
Is it necessary for a would-be secretary to go to a higher institution to get training for the job?
Does a secretary need to update her knowledge of the use of the modern equipment in the office by always attending course relevant to her job in order to continue to be relevant in the attainment of the sets goals of an organization?
Is the secretarial job more than typing of correspondence in today’s sophisticated technological age?
Is the secretary the mirror through which outsiders view the organization?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
H01 The invention of modern technology in the offices does not help but rather poses a problem to the secretary
H02 The secretaries’ work is completely not relevant with the advancement of technology
H03 The secretary is not most efficient when these modern automated machines are used in carrying out her duties
H04 Organization cannot survive without the services rendered by the secretary
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
As earlier mentioned, most organizations have a machines and facilities e.t.c computer, fax machines, e-mail facilities etc. which are faster and more accurate than human beings.
However, they need competent hands to operate these machines, therefore, the relevance of this study cannot be over emphasized because of the following reasons:
It highlights the importance of secretarial profession in any organization
It brings to light the fact that automated machines and equipment used in modern day offices cannot operate themselves but with the help of human beings (i.e the secretaries).
It also emphasizes the fact that secretaries must get themselves trained and acquainted with these machines to a certain level as to be able to handle them in order to ascertain their relevance in today’s business world.
It is also relevant to the employers who will be made to understand that secretaries’ role’s in the achievement of the goals and objectives of their organization
In fact, the researcher hopes to eliminate completely, the impression that secretaries are LIABILITY to organization, thereby asserting strongly that they are ASSESTS to any organization.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will be carried out in Intercontinental Bank Plc, Ibadan and it is to be administered to only secretaries, and some  administrative staff of the bank
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The findings of the study could be applied by extra-polation to other organizations that make use of the services of a secretary in their day-today running of the organization most especially because of time constraints.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Secretary: A secretary is the one who has acquired the basic secretarial skills of shorthand and typewriting and enough knowledge of practical experience in office work to be able to cope with filing, handling office machine and receptionist duties. She is also a confidant in whom secrets and confidential matters are entrusted within the office. In other words, a secretary is directly the assistant to an executive possessing the mastery of office skill aids, ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision which display initiatives, exercise judgment and makes decision within the scope of her authority.
Automation: This is the act or practice of using machines that needs little or no human control, especially in place of workers.
Advancement: This is a collection of the individual, whether of people or thing, which are to be observed in a given problem or situation. A population can be finite or infinite. Closely related to population is a sample.
Sample: It is usually impossible to measure all the values of any variable. Hence the samples are data drawn from the total population of  possible observation from a single experiment.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter aims at reviewing what other eminent authors have published and other materials that are found useful to the study.
The review will therefore, cover the following areas
The historical of secretary
The historical background of the secretarial profession
Attributes of a secretary (Business/personal)
Duties/functions of a secretary
The many types of secretaries
Types of modern office equipment and their uses
The effects of modern technological advancement on the secretarial profession
Contemporary employment of the secretarial profession
2.1 CONCEPT OF SECRETARYSHIP
A number of definition have been given by various scholars, authors and from practical experience. The word “secretary” is derived from the Latin word “secretaries” which means a notary or a scribe. In the Bible we have those that are referred to as the scribes which were writers of the laws and scriptures.
A secretary is one who keeps, or is instructed with secrets; a person employed to write orders, letter, dispatches, public or private papers, records and the like and official scribe, amanuensis, or writer one who attends to correspondence, and transacts other businesses for an association, a public body, or an individual.
An officer of state whose business is to superintend and manage the affairs of a particular department of government, and who is usually a member of the cabinet or advising council of the chief, a member of the cabinet or advising council of the chief execute of the secretary of state, who conducts the correspondence and attends to the relations of a government with foreign courts, the secretary of the treasury finance who managers the department of finance, the secretary of war. A secretary or administrative assistant is a person who works consists of supporting management, including executives using a variety of project management, communication and organization skills. These functions may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit of more than one. In other situations a secretary is an officer of a society or organization who deals with correspondence, admits new members and organizes official meeting and events. A secretary has many administrative duties. Traditionalist, these duties were mostly related to correspondence, such as the typing out of letters. Maintaining files of paper documents etc. The advent of word processing the significantly reduced the time that such duties require, with the result that many new tasks have come under the purview of the secretary. This might include managing budgets and doing bookkeeping maintaining website, and making travel arrangements.
Below are some of several author’s definitions of the secretary
Hick et al (2006) defines a secretary as a “confident” who has been enlisted with secrets of the boss and the organization. The word secretary is defined as the Latin word “sectum”, which means secret (Longman Dictionary of contemporary English, 2005).
According to Austin (2008), a secretary is a person who has acquired the basic secretarial skills of shorthand and typewriting and enough knowledge of practical experienced in office work to be able to cope with sailing, handling office machines and reception duties. The secretary is therefore, a vital link between the making and implementation of business plans.
Kabot (2007) in his book titled: Human Relations: says that a positive human relations secretary must not being in sentiment into his/her job. He could be a fanatic but he will not let it affect or reflect in the cause of discharging his duties.
Onasanya (2004) defines a secretary as a good person that should be able to arrange meetings, compile minutes and report exercise control over subordinate. She should be able to keep simple and correct records of accurate and of stocks. He further observes a secretary has with the outside world which may be through the telephones, e-mails services, letter or mainly done by her.
2.2 HISTROICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SECRETARIAL PROFESSION
Angeross (1988) said that no one known’s the exact time that secretaries originated. The role arose out natural need for a prominent person to whom confidential matadors could be trusted and who could act as an assistant to a principal. It is known that secretaries existed in Rome prior to the establishment of the empire. They were usually educating men who took decisions on “scenes” and often acted as a trusted adviser.
Before the invention of parchment and red pens, tools of the trade for scribes ranged from chisels used upon stone to styluses used on clay, wood or wax tablets. Shorthand became part of the preparation and training of secretaries and emperors as well, including Julius Caesar and Augustus.
In early modern members of the nobility had secretaries, who functioned quite similarly to those of the present day. They were men, most of them had command of several languages, including Latin and were required to have what we would consider today as a broad generalized education.
As commerce and trade expanded, people of wealth and power and secretaries (confidants and trusted agents) were employed to handle correspondence on private or confidential matters, particularly matters of the state. Following the renaissance, men continued to dominate clerical and secretarial roles. They maintained account books, in addition to performing stenographic duties, and were known for the exemplary penmanship skills. Many labored long hours, with their “secretary” desks serving as their files and workstations.
As world trade explained in the 15th and 16th centuries, secretaries often attained elevated status and held prominent positions. Secretarial and titles frequently used then included “Personal” ot “Private”. Men continued to dominate the secretarial field unit the late 1880s. During the industrial expansion at the turn of the century, business offices faced a paperwork crisis, more and more women entered the office workforce in various clerical roles and they adapted well to new technologies such as the adding machine, telephone and typewriter. Many women held, or aspired to hold position as secretaries schools and worked to attain supplier skills. In the 1930s, the number of men with the titled secretary dwindled, women dominated the official workforce. Some were prompted from steno pools, some were graduates of business colleges or secretarial schools. But all were seeking the professional status and pay previously enjoyed by their male counterparts. Recognizing that continuing education was imperative to the career success. A group of secretaries in America’s heartland became the nucleus of an organization that would help to professionalize the occupation. In 1942, the National Secretaries Association (NSA) was formed, and which today is known as (IAAP). IAAP first administered the certified Professional Secretaries Examination, a standard of excellence for the profession, 1951.
Today, secretaries (also known as administrative assistants, office coordinators, executive assistants, office managers and various other titles) are using computers, the interest and other advanced office technologies to perform vital “Information management” functions in the modern office. Elendu (1990:66).
Secretaries have taken in roles and responsibilities well beyond being just “typist” for the “the boss”. Now, they write correspondence as well as plan meetings, organize data using spreadsheet and database management software, interact with clients vendors and the general public, supervise the office an other staff, handle purchasing and even train other works.
In addition, many companies are providing performance based bonuses in outstanding administrative support professionals to help acknowledge their contributions. The future is brighter for computer-literate, well-educated, customer-service-savvy office professionals, Odiagbe (2010).

MY PARENT BORROWED TO PAY MY SCHOOL FEES

The best graduating student of the Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State, Oluwatosin Omope, shares with SAM AWOYINFA the secret of his success

Had Mr. And Mrs. Sehinde Omope rated material things above their children’s education, the success recorded by their son, Oluwatosin, could have been impossible.

Not only did Oluwatosin obtain a first class degree, the 21-year-old also emerged the 2014 overall best-graduating student of the Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State. He obtained a 4.79 Cumulative Grade Point Average in Accounting out of 5.0.

Apart from this, the youngster received four other prizes. So, on each occasion that he mounted the podium in the expansive hall for recognition, heads turned in his direction. He received the Pro-Chancellor, University Parents Forum and Best-behaved male prizes.

According to Oluwatosin, his parents struggled to pay his school fee, which was N450, 000 per session.

The Crawford valedictorian says he saw his parents sell their car, approach family members, friends and even the church to source money for his education and that of his younger brother, who is also studying Accounting in the university.

He says, “Apart from the grace of God which made this feat possible, I see my parents as yet another motivating factor.

“They struggled really hard to ensure that I got good education. My father is a lecturer at the Lagos State University, Ojo, while my mum is a civil servant with the Lagos State Ministry of Sports and Youth Development.

“As civil servants, their salaries were not paid when due. And the school fee here is about N450,000. So, my parents had to sell their car. At a point, we had no television set at home. I also saw them go to family members, friends and even the church to solicit funds.

“Though they never told us, I knew they were passing through difficult times to ensure we had the best education.”

Oluwatosin, who confesses that he attended social functions, such as special dinners and cultural nights on campus, says he had his reading timetable, which he respected and kept to religiously.

“I had a solid social life on campus. I attended many social functions. But I also had my reading timetable. After the lectures, I headed for the library for my studies and from there the next place was the canteen.

“After eating, I headed for the hostel, where I ‘gisted’ and played with my friends, because all work no play makes Jack a dull boy.

“I retire to bed at 10pm and then wake up around 4am, after having about six hours of rest. Then I would do two hours reading, after which I would take my bath and leave the hostel.

“I then read till around 9am, when the lecture would commence. That was my routine.”

Oluwatosin never read late into the night and he told his friends who did so that they were deceiving themselves. According to him, the brain overworks during the daytime and so needs to rest at night. In his thinking, therefore, an average student should rest his brain for at least six hours in order to get refreshed for the next day’s business.

The valedictorian, who claims he had good primary and secondary education foundation, notes that he attended the Holy Rock International School, Ketu, Lagos, and Access International School, Magboro, Ogun State, respectively.

Oluwatosin agrees that university education is a different ball game, with its challenges and excitements.

He notes that he never allowed the challenges of epileptic water supply and electricity, marathon lectures and keeping to a stiff reading regime for four years to weigh him down.

He adds, “Each time I wanted to be weighed down by some of these challenges and remembered what my parents had invested in my education, I shrugged them off and moved on.”

Oluwatosin, who argues that with God, focus and determination, he was able to achieve the feat, advises other students and younger ones never to lose focus.

“If any student stays in bed longer than eight hours, such a person must be lazy and indolent,” he warns.

While he looks forward to the one-year compulsory national service with hope and excitement, he says he would further his education, after the completion of his service year.

With a sudden glow in his countenance, Samuel says, “After the service year, I want to enrol for my master’s degree programme, and thereafter my doctorate. That is my dream.”

But does this mean he wants to pursue a career in the academic world? He says no.

“I do not want any career in the academic. But if the opportunity comes, I will weigh the options before me. It will depend on what I have at hand, and I will compare before accepting or rejecting the offer.”

Despite being sociable, Oluwatosin hints that he never had any girlfriend throughout his four-year sojourn in the institution.

Meanwhile, Crawford’s Vice-Chancellor, Prof. Samson Adelaja, has blamed poor and inadequate electricity generation for high unemployment rate in the country.

He adds that 60 million youths in the country are unemployed, partly due to the relocation of industries to neighbouring countries where electricity is stable.

This, he explains, has led to the saturation of the few remaining industries and civil service jobs.

He says, “Nigeria produces 4,000 megawatts electricity to service 162 million people compared to South Africa generating 50,000 megawatts to service 45 million people.

“Consequently, basic daily needs are imported, as Nigeria spends over N6tn to import food yearly, thus creating jobs for the people in the countries from where we import the goods.”

Ayanlaja says the institution is tackling the scourge of unemployment headlong by exposing its students to ‘hands-on’ entrepreneurial skills in fish farming, batik making, fashion designing, soap making, bead craft, event planning and interior decoration, among others.

“These graduands have also been trained to be innovative potential job creators as they are all versed in one or more entrepreneurial skills.”

Two hundred and eighty-five graduating students went home with different classes of degrees.

A breakdown showed that 14 obtained first class degrees, 49 recorded second class upper, 127 made second class lower while 59 and six obtained third class and pass respectively